Biochemical Alterations in Blood Glucose and Lipid Profile Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Derna City, Libya: A Case Control Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65420/sjphrt.v2i3.173Keywords:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, blood glucose, dyslipidemia, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, Derna, LibyaAbstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia resulting from impaired insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Dyslipidemia is one of the most common metabolic complications associated with diabetes and is considered a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to evaluate biochemical alterations in blood glucose and lipid profile among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to compare the findings with those of healthy individuals. A case-control study was conducted on 120 participants recruited from the Diabetes Clinic in Derna City, Libya, comprising 60 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 60 apparently healthy controls (age range 20–80 years). Blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured using standard enzymatic colorimetric methods on a VST-5010 photometer. Data were analyzed using SPSS with Student's t-test; P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Diabetic patients were predominantly female (65%) and most frequently in the 41–60-year age group (58.3%). Diabetic patients showed markedly higher blood glucose (P < 0.0001), total cholesterol (186.4 vs 166.9 mg/dL, P = 0.02) and triglyceride levels (P < 0.0001) than controls. Female diabetic patients had significantly higher total cholesterol than male diabetic patients (P = 0.05). No significant differences were found in HDL-C or LDL-C between diabetic and control groups. Type 2 diabetes mellitus in this population is associated with significant hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia, particularly elevated total cholesterol and triglycerides, while HDL-C and LDL-C remained largely unaffected. Routine lipid profile monitoring in diabetic patients is recommended for early detection and prevention of cardiovascular complications.
