Scientific Journal for Publishing in Health Research and Technology
The Scientific Journal for Publishing in Health Research and Technology (SJPHRT) (ISSN: 3105-949X) is an open-access, peer-reviewed academic journal published by the Academic University in Libya. Dedicated to advancing scientific knowledge, SJPHRT serves as a vital platform for researchers and scholars in the fields of health and technology sciences. The journal publishes four issues annually, providing timely access to cutting-edge research. Our Vision To be a leading scientific publication that promotes innovation and excellence in health and technology research in Libya and the broader region. Our Mission To publish high-quality, peer-reviewed research that contributes significantly to the body of knowledge in health and technology, while supporting the academic community through a transparent and efficient publication process. Our Objectives Disseminate knowledge: Publish original and impactful research. Encourage collaboration: Foster a global academic community. Ensure quality: Maintain rigorous peer-review standards.
The effect of planting distances between plants and harvest date on some productivity characteristic pea crop Pisum sativum L.var. Douce provence
This study was conducted at the National Center for Propagation and Handling of Improved Seeds station, Sidi Al-Masry, Tripoli, Libya. To track the different effects of planting distances between plants within a single line 10, 20 and 30 cm and early and late harvest dates and the interaction between them on some growth characteristics, productivity, and seed quality of pea crop. Pisum sativum var. Douce provence. The results of the study showed that increasing the planting distances between plants from 10 to 30 cm significantly increase in weight of seeds (g)/plantWhich was 18.64 gm/plant respectively. As for the total seed productivity the results indicated a decrease in this productivity by increasing the planting distances between plants from 10 to 30 cm, which was 3726, 1380kg/ha. Respectively, the effect of harvest date was reflected in the results of the seed weight per pant and the total seed productivity, as early harvest excelled in these two characteristics compared to the late harvest 18.80, 16.22 g/plant, 2503, 2170 kg/ha, respectively, as for the effect of harvest date, the results indicated that there were no significant differences in the weight of a thousand seeds between early and late harvest. The resuits showed that the interaction between planting distances and the harvest dates was not significant for most of the studied traits, whether related to the seed weight characteristics of the plant, filling decrease. significantly, when the planting distance between plants was 10,20 cm at early and late harvest, as for the total productivity, it decreased with increasing the planting distances between plants from 10 to 30 cm for all early and late harvest dates.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Screen Time and Its Relation with Fast-Food Consumption Among Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study
The aim of this research was to evaluate the association between screen time use and fast-food consumption in adolescents. A total of 250 adolescents participated in this cross-sectional study, comprising 58.8% males and 41.2% females. Data collection involved validated questionnaires and anthropometric measurements. The mean daily screen time exposure was 300 minutes (SD=212.6), with smartphones being the primary contributor at 208.2 minutes per day. Anthropometric analysis showed an average body mass index (BMI) of 22.6 kg/m², with 61.6% of participants classified as having a healthy weight. Nearly half of the participants (49.6%) reported consuming food while using screens, and 78.8% recalled exposure to at least one food advertisement during screen use. Statistical analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between total screen time and the frequency of weekly food delivery orders (p=0.026), sugary drink consumption (p=0.003), snack intake (p<0.001), and the consumption of sweets and chocolate (p<0.001). However, no significant variation was observed among BMI categories (p=0.664) or between genders (p=0.075). These results demonstrate a concerning link between prolonged screen time and unhealthy dietary habits among adolescents, highlighting the urgent need for targeted public health strategies and digital media literacy programs to promote healthier lifestyles.
Play training with playground spaces its impact on the development of some physical and technical skills
The primary objective of this study is to examine the impact of training exercises using varying playground spaces on the development of specific physical and technical skills among youth football players. The research adopts an experimental approach, utilizing a single-group design with pre-test and post-test measurements to assess performance improvements. The study highlights that training in diverse spatial conditions effectively mimics real-game scenarios, providing players with varied competitive situations, tactical requirements, and physical loads. Such training allows for a high volume of skill execution within a limited time, which is essential for reinforcing fundamental movements. A sample of 62 youth football players aged 9–12 participated in the study, with a specialized training program implemented over ten weeks. Findings indicate that integrating variable-space training into sessions significantly enhances physical attributes, such as speed and explosive power, as well as technical performance, including ball control, dribbling, and shooting accuracy, compared to baseline measurements. Statistical analysis confirms that the training program had a positive effect, with significant improvements noted in post-test results. The study concludes that these exercises serve as a crucial tool for refining essential football skills, emphasizing the necessity of adopting modern, scientifically based spatial training strategies for long-term athlete development. By aligning training conditions with the physiological and cognitive needs of youth, coaches can maximize performance and engagement, ensuring that players reach their integrated potential while maintaining interest and motivation in the sport.
The Role of General Anesthesia in Case of Hypertension Disorder (Pre-Eclampsia, Eclampsia) Compared with Uncomplicated Pregnancy for Cesarean Section at Tarhona and Msallata Hospitals
This pilot case-control study assessed maternal and fetal outcomes following cesarean section under general anesthesia, comparing 30 women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (pre-eclampsia/eclampsia) to 30 women with uncomplicated pregnancies at Tarhona and Msallata hospitals between January and March 2023. Participants underwent clinical examination and history taking, with data analyzed using SPSS. Results indicated statistically significant differences in proteinuria (p = 0.000), blood pressure (p = 0.000), and edema (p = 0.000) between the two groups. However, no statistically significant difference was observed in maternal weight (p = 0.457). The findings suggest that while hypertensive disorders are associated with greater hemodynamic instability during cesarean delivery, general anesthesia remains effective for these patients, yielding positive outcomes for both mother and infant. Future research with larger sample sizes is recommended to further evaluate long-term effectiveness and compare general anesthesia with alternative techniques in this specific patient population.
An Intelligent Ensemble-Based Framework for Early Software Defect Prediction Using Hybrid Feature Selection
Software defect prediction is crucial for enhancing system quality and reducing long-term maintenance costs. Early identification of fault-prone software modules allows development teams to optimize testing efforts and improve post-release stability. Despite the potential of machine learning, existing models often face challenges, including performance instability across datasets, excessive feature noise, and the separation of feature selection from ensemble learning. To address these gaps, this study proposes an intelligent framework that integrates hybrid feature selection with a weighted ensemble mechanism. The hybrid feature selection approach combines correlation-based filtering with Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) to reduce dimensionality and eliminate irrelevant features. Subsequently, the framework employs a weighted ensemble model based on F1-scores, which dynamically assigns weights to base learners—Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, and Gradient Boosting—to enhance predictive stability. Experimental results across five benchmark datasets (PC1, JM1, KC1, MW1, and CM1) demonstrate that the proposed framework consistently achieves superior predictive performance and stability compared to individual base learners. Statistical validation using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test confirms the significance of the improvements, particularly for larger datasets. By effectively balancing data quality through hybrid feature selection and leveraging diverse learner strengths, this framework provides a robust and practical solution for proactive software quality assurance.
Establishment of Reference Intervals for Hemoglobin Levels Among Healthy Adult Males and Females in Derna, Libya
Hemoglobin concentration is one of the most important hematological parameters used in clinical practice for the diagnosis and monitoring of anemia and other hematological disorders. However, the reference intervals currently used in Libya are largely derived from non-Libyan populations and may not accurately reflect the physiological characteristics of the local population. Therefore, the present study aimed to establish population-specific reference intervals for hemoglobin concentration among healthy adults in Derna city, Libya. A cross-sectional study was conducted between November and December 2024 involving 129 apparently healthy adults, including 67 males and 62 females, randomly recruited from different districts of Derna city. Venous blood samples were collected in EDTA tubes and analyzed using an automated hematology analyzer. Statistical analysis was performed using nonparametric methods following assessment of data distribution. The findings demonstrated significant sex-related differences in hemoglobin concentration, with males exhibiting higher values than females (p < 0.05). The established reference intervals for hemoglobin were 11.1–16.0 g/dL for males and 10.2–13.5 g/dL for females. Furthermore, the hemoglobin values demonstrated a skewed distribution and did not follow normality according to the Anderson–Darling test. The present findings emphasize the importance of establishing locally derived hematological reference intervals rather than relying exclusively on international reference standards. The implementation of population-specific hemoglobin reference values may improve laboratory interpretation, enhance diagnostic accuracy, and support better clinical management of hematological disorders within the Libyan population.
Intralesional versus Systemic Corticosteroid Therapy for Nasal Polyps in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Clinical Outcomes Study
IPSI is defined as the local delivery of steroids directly into sinonasal polyposis in the management of diseases associated with CRSwNP. It should be noted that IPSI differs from systemic steroids treatment in terms of direct effect and lack of side effects due to administration of the drug. Here, we examine how IPSI and SC treatment differ in their effectiveness and efficacy when used in patients with CRSwNP. In total, 100 participants with a diagnosis of CRSwNP were enrolled in this prospective study and randomly assigned into two treatment groups. Healthy tackles to the polyps were added to IPSI every 2 weeks to 250 mcg/250 ml in sinus for 3 times in the first group and in the second group budesonide was injected directly into the polyps at 250 mcg/250 ml, once every 2 weeks for three times. The latter were given oral prednisolone at a rate of 1 mg/kg/day for three days, after which it was lowered to 5 mg/day for two weeks. Both the IPSI and SCs treatments had positive effects on the health status of the CRSwNP patients. Following SCs therapy, the nasal polyp volume decreased more (8.67 ± 2.6 vs. 10.15 ± 3.01, p < 0.001), the sense of smell improved (27.32 ± 10.68 vs. 23.32 ± 10.05, p < 0.001), and the SNOT-22 value decreased (36.32 ± 9.13 vs. 45.7 ± 12.66, p < 0.001).
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Helicobacter pylori Infection and Extragastric Autoimmune Conditions
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative bacterium chronically infecting nearly half the global population. While its gastroduodenal pathogenicity is firmly established, it is now recognized as a systemic immunomodulatory pathogen with significant extragastric consequences. This comprehensive narrative review examines the association between H. pylori infection and a broad spectrum of extragastric autoimmune and immune-mediated conditions spanning hematological, endocrine, dermatological, cardiovascular, neurological, and pediatric domains. The review discusses the immunological mechanisms underlying these associations — including molecular mimicry, chronic cytokine dysregulation, regulatory T-cell dysfunction, and impaired nutrient absorption — and evaluates the clinical evidence for H. pylori eradication as a therapeutic strategy. Conditions reviewed include immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), iron deficiency anemia (IDA), autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), vitamin B12 deficiency, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), psoriasis, rosacea, ischemic heart disease, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, migraine, and pediatric-specific manifestations. The findings underscore the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to H. pylori management and highlight the medical laboratory's central role in diagnosis, monitoring, and guiding eradication therapy. Clinical recommendations are provided for each condition based on current evidence.
First Record of the Coral Grouper (Cephalopholis miniata, Forsskål, 1775) in Tobruk City, Libya
This study documents the first official record of the coral grouper (Cephalopholis miniata) along the eastern coast of Libya, specifically in the Tobruk region, based on specimens caught by local fishermen at a depth of 300 meters using longline gear. The morphological, biological, and ecological characteristics of the recorded individuals were described, thereby contributing new data to the marine biodiversity inventory of Libya. The study aims to highlight the economic and nutritional importance of this high-value species, monitor changes in marine biodiversity, and assess the potential impacts of climate change on fish distribution. Furthermore, the findings provide insights into the prospects of incorporating this species into local fisheries and marketing systems, while supporting the development of sustainable fishing policies and the possible establishment of marine protected areas.
Biochemical Marker OCBs and IgG index roles in the Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis at Ali Omar Askar Hospital, Libya 2025
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disorder affecting the central nervous system and represents a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults. This retrospective study evaluated the diagnostic value of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) oligoclonal bands (OCBs) and IgG index in suspected MS patients attending Ali Omar Askar Hospital, Tripoli, Libya, between January and October 2025. A total of 460 clinically suspected patients were assessed using the 2017 McDonald criteria, incorporating magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), CSF OCB analysis, and IgG index measurement. Results showed that 337 patients (73.3%) were confirmed as MS cases, while 123 patients (26.7%) were classified as non-MS neurological disorders. Positive OCBs with elevated IgG index were strongly associated with confirmed MS diagnosis. Female predominance was observed, with 253 females (75.1%) and 84 males (24.9%), giving a female-to-male ratio of approximately 3:1. Monthly variation in case distribution was statistically significant (χ² = 43.62, p < 0.001). These findings support the important diagnostic role of CSF biomarkers, particularly OCBs and IgG index, when combined with MRI and clinical evaluation. The study also demonstrates that Libyan MS patients exhibit epidemiological patterns similar to global populations. Expanding access to CSF testing and MRI may improve early diagnosis and patient outcomes in Libya.
Correlation of Mesenteric Lymphadenitis Diagnosed by Ultrasound with Abdominal Pain in Pediatric Patients: A Prospective Observational Study
Background: Mesenteric lymphadenitis is the inflammation of mesenteric lymph nodes, and is a frequent but often underdiagnosed cause of acute abdominal pain in children. It can be easily mistaken for acute appendicitis, which can result in unnecessary interventions. Because of its non-invasive, cost-effective, and radiation-free characteristics, ultrasound has become the imaging modality of choice, and the main criterion for the diagnosis is the short axis of the lymph nodes greater than 5 mm. Designing the study: A retrospective study of all children aged 0 to 19 with acute abdominal pain who underwent mesenteric lymphadenitis and underwent sonographic evaluation of the disease. Retrospective study of all children (0-19 years) with acute abdominal pain who were evaluated for mesenteric lymphadenitis and who had sonography performed. Methods: The study was a prospective observational study and included 100 children aged 5-16 years attending a private paediatric diagnostic imaging practice between January and August 2025. Demographic data, number of lymph nodes, size (long- and short-axis) and localization were systematically collected for all participants, who were subjected to high-frequency abdominal ultrasound. Results: Mesenteric lymphadenitis occurred in 67% of patients. The epigastric area was the most common area of involvement (76.5%). Largest lymph nodes were found to be 12-15 mm in the long axis and 5-7 mm in the short axis. 41% of patients presented within 24 hours of symptom onset. Discussion: Ultrasound is a safe and effective way to diagnose children with mesenteric lymphadenitis, which avoids unnecessary surgeries like appendicitis and helps differentiate the condition.
Study Effect of Thyroid Gland Dysfunction on Blood Tissue Parameters Among Anemic Patients
Cellular metabolism, bone marrow erythropoiesis, and kidney erythropoietin production are all substantially disrupted by thyroid failure, which results in specific hematological changes. In order to shed light on endocrine-hematological interactions, this study assessed the relationship between thyroid hormone levels (T3, T4, and TSH) and several erythrocyte indices. Methods: Ninety thyroid-disorder patients and ninety age- and gender-matched healthy controls made up the 180 adult participants in a case-control study. Automated devices were used to evaluate serum hormone concentrations and complete blood counts. Using t-tests, Chi-square tests, and Pearson correlations (P <= 0.05), statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 28.0. Results: In comparison to controls, patients showed significantly higher RDW (19.4 ± 1.5% vs. 11.0 ± 1.2%) and significantly lower hemoglobin (10.8 ± 1.4 vs. 19.4 ± 1.1 g/dL), hematocrit (33.8 ± 4.0% vs. 44.1 ± 3.1%), MCV (82.9 ± 6.4 vs. 5.5 fL), and MCH (20.1 ± 2.2 vs. 29.8 ± 2.0 pg). While TSH showed a strong negative correlation with Hb, RBC, and HCT, serum T3 and T4 showed favorable correlations with these parameters. In contrast to hyperthyroidism (n = 35; P = 0.202), hypothyroidism (n = 55) was substantially linked to severe anemia (53%; P = 0.0213). Hypothyroid individuals had significantly lower MCH (14.2 ± 2.6 vs. 23.1 ± 3.7 pg; P = 0.0488) and greater RDW (23.4 ± 1.4% vs. 12.8 ± 2.0%; P = 0.0471), but inter-disorder analysis revealed no significant differences in Hb or HCT (P > 0.05). In conclusion, primary hypothyroidism functions as a severe aggregator marked by microcytic hypochromic sluggishness and prominent anisocytosis, yet both thyroid states cause anemia through different paths. For customized patient care, the use of comprehensive indices like MCH and RDW offers strong clinical discrimination.
Correlation of Biparietal Diameter (BPD) with Menstrual Gestational Age in the Third Trimester: A Cross-Sectional Study
Background: Gestational age (GA) is a key factor to optimal prenatal care and proper GA assessment is essential. Biparietal diameter (BPD) is one of the commonly used ultrasonographic measurements to estimate GA, but its accuracy decreases with advancing gestation. Objective: To assess the correlation between BPD and menstrual GA, based on last menstrual period (LMP) in the 3rd trimester and to investigate the effect of fetal lie, placental position and maternal age on the discrepancy between the two. This was a cross-sectional study performed in a private ultrasound clinic in Al-Kut, Iraq from April to July 2024. 75 singleton pregnant women were enrolled at 21-40 weeks of gestation. BPD was measured using a 3.5 MHz curvilinear probe (Philips HD 11XE) in the transthalamic plane. The differences between USG and LMP were classified into six types (A–F). Results: Most of the cases (39%) had a difference of between 1 and 7 days (Category B) and 29% had a difference of between 8 and 14 days (Category C). In general, age of the mother was correlated with the extent of the discrepancy between the two measurements, with the best correlation found in women aged 21-30 years. Anterior position of placenta produced the least variability while posterior position produced more measurement error. The most accurate BPD estimates were obtained from the case of longitudinal cephalic presentation. Conclusion: BPD is a good GA estimation tool during the third trimester, but its performance reduces as gestation increases. It is strongly recommended that BPD be used in conjunction with other complementary biometric indices as well as maternal/fetal factors.
Antifeedant Activity of Artemisia Plant Extracts Against the Cotton Leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis) in Ornamental Plant Nurseries
The cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a highly polyphagous pest that poses a significant threat to ornamental plant nurseries, causing extensive defoliation and economic losses. The overreliance on synthetic chemical insecticides for its control has led to the development of insecticide resistance, environmental contamination, and risks to human health. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop environmentally friendly and sustainable alternatives. This study investigates the antifeedant activity of crude ethanolic extracts from three Artemisia species, namely A. herba-alba, A. absinthium, and A. vulgaris, against the fourth instar larvae of S. littoralis under controlled laboratory conditions (26±1°C, 65±5% RH, 16:8 L:D). The antifeedant index was calculated using the leaf disc bioassay method at five different concentrations (0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 mg/mL) over 24 and 48-hour exposure periods. The results demonstrated a concentration- and time-dependent antifeedant effect for all tested extracts. A. absinthium exhibited the highest antifeedant activity, achieving an 86.4% feeding inhibition at the highest concentration (8 mg/mL) after 48 hours, followed by A. herba-alba (79.2%) and A. vulgaris (71.5%). The calculated median effective concentrations (EC₅₀) for antifeedant activity were 1.92, 2.48, and 3.15 mg/mL for A. absinthium, A. herba-alba, and A. vulgaris, respectively. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the most active extract (A. absinthium) identified major terpenoid compounds, including camphor, 1,8-cineole, β-thujone, and artemisia ketone, which are known to disrupt insect chemoreception and feeding behavior. These findings highlight the potential of Artemisia extracts, particularly A. absinthium, as effective botanical antifeedants for the management of S. littoralis in ornamental nurseries. The integration of these plant-based extracts into integrated pest management (IPM) programs could reduce the reliance on synthetic insecticides, thereby mitigating environmental and health risks while preserving natural enemy populations.
Management of root and crown-rot of strawberry by Bacillus Bioagents, Bion (BTH) and vermicompost in Libya
Many fungal isolates i.e., Fusarium spp., F.solani , Macrophomina phaseolina the pycnidial state of Sclrotium bataticola) , the fungus like Phytophthora cactorum, Rhizoctonia solani the imperfect state of Thanatephorus cucumeris), Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Sclerotium rolfsii ( the sclerotial state of Athelia rolfsii) were isolated from strawberry roots existing mainly root and crown -rot symptoms collected from different fields at Tagoraa,Trablus, Libya. The pathogenicity of these isolates manifested that they all caused root and crown-rot symptoms. M.phaseolina and R.solani were the most pathogenic ones. Six Bacillus bioagents i.e., were isolated from the rhizospheric soil of strawberry plants apparently free from root and crown-rot infection. These bacteria were evaluated for their antagonistic capability for M.phaseolina isolate-3 and R.solani isolate-2 both in vitro and in vivo. Both B.subtilis and B. thuringiensis exerted the highest antagonism against the linear growth of both pathogenic fungi. Sterilized tea filtrate of the tested vermicompost caused significant inhibition to the linear growth of the tested two pathogenic fungi in comparison with control treatment. This inhibition of both B.subtilis , B. thuringiensis and vermicompost was gradually increased significantly by increasing their concentration. The combination among the bioagents B.subtilis and B. thuringiensis ,the inducer resistance elicitor Bion (BTH) and Vermicompost significantly reduced strawberry root and-crown-rot with significant increase to the produced fruits yield and their total soluble solids (T.S.S.) , when each of them was used alone or in their different combinations, compared with control treatment . Furthermore, vermicompost was the most efficient treatment in this respect in comparison with the other three items of disease management. Moreover, no apparent infection (dead plants) was detected when B.subtilis , B. thuringiensis , BTH and vermicompost were used together, which resulted in producing the highest fruit yield of high T.S.S., firmness and total ascorbic acid (vitamin-c), to somewhat, nearly similar to control treatment ( un-infested soil with the any of the causal fungi).
Numerical Solution of the Simple Pendulum Equation Using the Fourth-Order Runge-Kutta Method: A Comparative Study with Analytical Solutions
This study investigates the numerical solution of the non-linear pendulum differential equation using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. While the simple pendulum is a classic problem in dynamics, it often lacks an explicit analytical solution for arbitrary amplitudes, necessitating numerical approaches. By employing the fourth-order Runge-Kutta algorithm, this research computes the angular displacement and velocity of a pendulum with a length of 4 meters under specific initial conditions. The study performs a comprehensive comparison between the numerical results and analytical solutions to evaluate the accuracy and stability of the method. The implementation was conducted using MATLAB, where the impact of various parameters, including time range and step size (h), were systematically analyzed to optimize performance and precision. Results demonstrate that smaller step sizes (e.g., h=0.001) significantly enhance numerical accuracy, although they require increased computational time. Furthermore, the study examines energy conservation, illustrating the periodic exchange between kinetic and potential energy in the system. Ultimately, this research confirms that the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method is a highly effective and robust tool for solving second-order ordinary differential equations in physical systems. The findings provide valuable insights for applications in horology, gravimetry, and inertial navigation, where precise pendulum modeling is essential.
Prevalence of Scale Insects and Their Impact on the Productivity of Some Date Palm Cultivars in the Three Oases of Al-Jufra (Hun, Wadan, and Sawknah)
This study investigated the prevalence of scale insects and their impact on the productivity and infestation levels of some date palm cultivars (Deglet Noor, Khadhrai, and Saidi) in Al-Jufra region (Wadan, Hun, and Sawknah), Libya, during February and March 2019. Random samples from various farms were analyzed using a questionnaire-based field survey, and statistical analysis was performed using the Least Significant Difference (LSD) method at a significance level of 0.05. The results revealed that all evaluated date palm cultivars were susceptible to scale insect infestation, with statistically significant differences in infestation rates recorded among the cultivars, where Deglet Noor showed the highest infestation rate (162.4), followed by Khadhrai (99.8) and Saidi (45.0). Furthermore, a significant spatial response was observed regarding uninfested palms, particularly between Wadan and Hun, yielding 50.0 and 20.6, respectively. The data demonstrated pronounced statistical differences between regions for Deglet Noor, specifically between Wadan and Hun (275.0 and 120.0) and a lesser significance between Hun and Sawknah (120.0 and 91.7). Conversely, no significant differences in infestation levels were observed among regions for the Khadhrai, Taghyat, and Saidi cultivars. Regarding overall regional productivity in tons for both infested and uninfested palms, the response of cultivars across the three locations was statistically non-significant. In conclusion, scale insects represent a substantial threat that compromises date palm health and agricultural sustainability in Al-Jufra, necessitating integrated pest management approaches to mitigate production losses.
Impact of vitamin B12 deficiency on Hematological parameters and Its relationship with Helicobacter pylori infection in Derna City, Libya
This study was conducted to evaluate the alterations in hematological parameters and investigate the pathophysiological relationship between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and vitamin B12 deficiency in clinical cases presenting with symptoms associated with cobalamin depletion. A total of 120 adult patients were enrolled and stratified into two distinct groups based on their vitamin B12 status. The first group (vitamin B12-deficient) comprised 36 men (30.0%) and 55 women (45.8%), while the second group (normocobalaminemic controls) consisted of 14 men (11.6%) and 15 women (12.5%). Supervised blood samples were collected from all participants to perform comprehensive laboratory analyses, including a complete blood count (CBC), serum vitamin B12 quantification, and active H. pylori screening.The laboratory findings revealed a profound and statistically significant correlation between active H. pylori infection and systemic vitamin B12 deficiency. Specifically, 45 female patients (81.8%) and 25 male patients (69.4%) who tested positive for vitamin B12 deficiency were concurrently infected with H. pylori. Regarding erythrocyte profiles, hemoglobin (HGB) concentrations and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were significantly altered in vitamin B12-deficient patients of both sexes compared to the healthy control group. Additionally, a statistically significant decrease in mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) was observed exclusively among female patients, whereas male subjects demonstrated only a slight, non-significant variance in this parameter. Regarding other blood components, total white blood cell (WBC) counts showed a marginal, non-significant elevation in the deficient cohorts, while mean platelet (PLT) counts and associated platelet indices were lower in both deficient males and females compared to their healthy counterparts. In conclusion, vitamin B12 deficiency represents a highly prevalent yet frequently silent or asymptomatic micronutrient disorder worldwide. Within the evaluated Derna community, this deficiency was found to be widespread across various age groups and both genders. While a systemic shortage of cobalamin exerts negligible effects on total red blood cell, white blood cell, and platelet counts, it induces major diagnostic variations in hemoglobin concentrations, MCV values, and female-specific MCH profiles. These variations are heavily driven by the concurrent high prevalence of H. pylori infections, which chronically compromise gastric absorption pathways.
Association Between Maternal Risk Factors and Low-Dose Aspirin Use with Preeclampsia Among High-Risk Pregnant Women
Preeclampsia remains a significant hypertensive disorder contributing to maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality, particularly among women with high-risk factors such as previous preeclampsia, intrauterine fetal death (IUFD), preterm labor, low-birth-weight infants, and a family history of hypertension. This quasi-experimental study aimed to evaluate the association between these maternal risk factors and the efficacy of low-dose aspirin (75–150 mg daily) in preventing preeclampsia among 123 high-risk pregnant women at Massa Hospital in El-Bayda, Libya. Utilizing a case-control design (41 cases, 82 controls) and Chi-square analysis, the results demonstrated that maternal risk factors were significantly associated with the occurrence of preeclampsia (p < 0.05), with notable prevalence in cases of previous preeclampsia (48.8% vs. 12.2%) and family history of hypertension (43.9% vs. 17.1%). Crucially, the administration of low-dose aspirin between 12 and 28 weeks of gestation was found to reduce the incidence of preeclampsia by 40% (24.4% in users vs. 75.6% in non-users, p = 0.01) without major complications. The study concludes that low-dose aspirin is an effective and safe prophylactic measure; therefore, early identification of risk factors and adherence to aspirin therapy are essential strategies for improving maternal and neonatal outcomes within the Libyan population.
Three-Year Metabolic and Hormonal Outcomes Following Bariatric Surgery in Iraqi Patients: A Prospective Cohort Analysis Stratified by NAFLD Grade and Metabolic Syndrome
Background: Obesity-related metabolic disorders have become alarming in Iraq, but there is limited information on the long-term surgical outcomes in this population. Bariatric surgery especially Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is the most long-lasting therapeutic choice in the treatment of morbid obesity and metabolic sequalae's. Purpose: To compare and contrast 3-year clinical and hormonal outcomes in RYGB and SG in Iraqi patients with a special focus on the predictive value of serial metabolic biomarkers and the moderating impact of baseline non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) severity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) status. Methods: A two-hospital tertiary referral prospective cohort study was carried out in Wasit, Iraq, where 240 patients (RYGB: n=120; SG: n=120) were recruited between January 2020 and December 2023. The main outcomes were percent excess weight loss (percent EWL), remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus (HbA1c <6.5% with no medication) and improvement of NAFLD (cap score reduction of at least 30% with FibroScan). At baseline, 12 months and 36 months, serial measurements of leptin, adiponectin, total ghrelin, active GLP-1, HOMA-IR, and QUICKI were measured. Results: At 36 months, RYGB produced significantly greater %EWL (77.1% ± 12.8 vs. 68.3% ± 14.5; p=0.004), T2DM remission (81.2% vs. 67.5%; p=0.025), and NAFLD improvement (85.0% vs. 71.7%; p=0.015) compared with SG. RYGB also yielded more pronounced hormonal remodeling, including greater adiponectin elevation (+5.5 vs. +3.4 µg/mL; p=0.003), leptin reduction (-34.5 vs. -27.6 ng/mL; p=0.005), and active GLP-1 augmentation (+17.8 vs. +9.1 pmol/L; p<0.001). An adiponectin/HOMA-IR greater than 0.75 composite index was predictive of T2DM remission following RYGB with 90% accuracy (AUC=0.86). There were no significant differences in major complication rates in between groups (8.3 vs. 5.8; p=0.45). Conclusion: RYGB has better metabolic and hormonal effects compared to SG in three years of follow-up of patients in Iraq. The adiponectin/ HOMA-IR composite index is a pragmatic, resource-efficient preoperative method to surgery triage and prognosis.
Intestinal Malrotation in Children: Incidence, Predisposing Factors, and Surgical Management: A Single-Centre Observational Study from Al-Karama Teaching Hospital, Wasit, Iraq
Intestinal malrotation is caused by the lack of complete counterclockwise rotation of the embryonic midgut, leaving the mesenteric base of the bowel dangerously small and thus providing the circumstances of midgut volvulus a life-threatening emergency situation requiring urgent surgical intervention. The current study narrates a mixed observational experience of five years (January 2020 to December 2024) in Al-Karama Teaching Hospital, which is the only paediatric surgical referral centre in Wasit Governorate, Iraq. A total of 27 children under the age of 14 years having malrotation radiologically or operatively confirmed were enrolled. An incidence of 1.8 per 10,000 live births was estimated from regional registry data. Over three-fifths of the cohort were neonates (median diagnosis age: 11 days; IQR 5–42) and bilious vomiting was the defining complaint in 89% of cases. Almost half of the patients (44.4%) had one or more related congenital anomaly, with the most common being cardiac anomalies (n=5) and heterotaxy syndrome (n=3). The 25 surgically treated children all received Ladd procedure with two more needing to have bowel removed due to proven ischaemia. Mortality was 7.4% after 30 days, all of which were in patients presenting after the 48-hour limit. Multivariate modelling revealed delayed presentation (aOR 8.4; 95% CI 1.6–44.2; p=0.012) and heterotaxy syndrome (aOR 6.1; 95% CI 1.1–33.8; p=0.039) to be the only independent predictors of poor outcome. These findings suggest that patient survival is determined less by technological capacity than by the speed of recognition and referral.
Synthesis of some aliphatic amines using TEA-CO2 laser
This study presents a catalyst-free approach for the synthesis of high-purity aliphatic amines via laser-induced alkylation of ammonia using a TEA-CO₂ laser in an optoacoustic cell. Infrared multiphoton absorption (IRMPA) enables the activation of ammonia and alcohol molecules, leading to the formation of reactive radical intermediates. Mass spectrometric analysis confirmed the formation of eight types of primary amines with high selectivity. The laser-driven process effectively suppresses the formation of secondary, tertiary, and quaternary amines, resulting in the preferential production of monoamines. The observed reaction behavior demonstrates that product yield and selectivity strongly depend on molecular structure and absorption characteristics. This study highlights the potential of laser-assisted synthesis as a clean and efficient alternative to conventional catalytic methods.
The Synergistic Impact of Rapid Diagnostic Testing and Antimicrobial Stewardship on Clinical Outcomes: A Comprehensive Review
Rapid diagnostic testing (RDT) in conjunction with robust antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASP) represents a transformative approach in clinical microbiology, significantly improving patient outcomes and optimizing antibiotic utilization. This paper reviews advancements in RDT technologies, including Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), and rapid phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing (rAST). Evidence from recent systematic reviews and network meta-analyses demonstrates that this combined strategy leads to a notable reduction in patient mortality, with an odds ratio of 0.72 compared to conventional methods. Furthermore, the integration of RDT and ASP results in a decreased length of hospital stay and a substantial shortening of the time to optimal antimicrobial therapy by nearly 30 hours. The role of medical laboratory professionals is pivotal in this paradigm, encompassing timely reporting, expert interpretation, and diagnostic stewardship. Despite challenges such as initial implementation costs and the need for workflow integration, emerging directions like point-of-care testing and artificial intelligence offer promising avenues for further enhancing infectious disease management. Ultimately, the synergy between rapid diagnostics and proactive stewardship is essential for combating antimicrobial resistance and enhancing the efficiency of global healthcare systems.
The role of artificial intelligence in enhancing linear equation modeling and Its Applications for Science-Stream Students
This study aims to investigate the impact of using artificial intelligence (AI) techniques on improving students' achievement and understanding of mathematics, identify obstacles and challenges to using these techniques in teaching, and propose solutions to overcome them. The study employs an applied analytical methodology consisting of pre- and post-tests administered to a group of 60 students, divided into two groups: a control group of 30 students and an experimental group of 30 students. Both groups received 90 days of training in using AI techniques to solve a set of linear equations. All students then underwent pre- and post-tests, followed by a questionnaire administered to the experimental group. The results were then statistically analyzed to evaluate the role of AI techniques in improving students' understanding and achievement. The results indicated an increase in achievement levels ranging from 20% to 40%, depending on individual student abilities, with an average achievement increase of 30%. The questionnaire results also indicated an improvement in students' achievement and understanding of problems related to linear equations, which aligns with the pre-test results. Therefore, the study recommends integrating artificial intelligence (AI) technologies into teaching in general, with the aim of improving overall comprehension and academic achievement, particularly in mathematics. The world continues to witness tremendous advancements in AI and computing technologies.
The Impact of Anemia on Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Anemia is a significant and frequent complication in patients diagnosed with chronic kidney failure, markedly diminishing their overall health and quality of life. This research investigates the profound impact of anemia on individuals with renal impairment, analyzing how reduced hemoglobin levels exacerbate clinical symptoms and trigger secondary complications. The primary physiological driver is the diminished production of erythropoietin by the failing kidneys, which impairs red blood cell synthesis. Findings indicate that patients with hemoglobin levels below 10 g/dL face a 20–30% higher risk of cardiovascular events. To mitigate these risks, the study evaluates various therapeutic interventions, including erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) and iron supplementation. Clinical data demonstrate that early intervention and precise management of iron and hemoglobin levels significantly enhance functional capacity and survival rates. However, the research cautions that treatment must be meticulously balanced to prevent adverse effects such as hypertension or increased thrombotic risks. The study concludes that regular monitoring and integrated medical-nutritional protocols are essential to improve patient outcomes. Furthermore, raising health awareness and adopting advanced monitoring technologies are recommended to reduce the clinical burden of anemia. Ultimately, proactive management of blood parameters remains a cornerstone in the comprehensive care of kidney failure patients.
Optimal Timing of Cholecystectomy in Pediatric Acute Biliary Pancreatitis: A Prospective Comparative Analysis of Early Versus Deferred Surgical Intervention
Background: Acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP) is a clinically important and rising disease in the pediatric and adolescent age group, especially in low- and middle-income countries experiencing epidemiological changes in biliary disease. The most common etiological mechanism is cholelithiasis-mediated pancreatic ductal obstruction. Although the use of international guidelines in promoting early definitive surgical intervention has been a constant agenda, in resource constrained systems like the public health infrastructure in Iraq, application has remained patchy because of multifactorial structural and logistical impediments. Purpose: To determine the difference in the 90-day pancreatitis recurrence and cumulative healthcare resource use between pediatric patients (aged 6–18 years) with mild-to-moderate ABP who underwent early cholecystectomy (≤72 hours of diagnosis) and those with deferred surgery (>6 weeks post-discharge). Methods: It was a prospective observational cohort study carried out at Al-Zahra Teaching Hospital, Wasit, Iraq (January 2021 September 2024). Patients meeting the Revised Atlanta Classification criteria of mild-to-moderate ABP were divided into an early cohort (Group E: n = 58) or a deferred cohort (Group D: n = 54). The most important endpoint was 90-day recurrent pancreatitis; others were cumulative inpatient days, 30-day readmission, postoperative complication per Clavien-Dindo grading, and systematic characterization of delay determinants. Results Recurrent pancreatitis was found in 3.4% of Group E and 24.1% of Group D (p < 0.001), with an absolute risk reduction of 20.7 percentage points and a number-needed-to-treat of five. Although the initial picture showed a slightly prolonged stay in Group E (4.2 vs. 3.1 days; p = 0.012), the total inpatient burden at 90 days was significantly less (5.3 vs. 8.9 days; p < 0.001). The profiles of perioperative complications were similar (1.7% vs. 3.7%; p = 0.59). Multivariable analysis established that early cholecystectomy is an independent protective factor (aOR = 0.11; 95% CI: 0.02-0.54; p =0.007). Health system-level factors accounted for 74% of all procedural delays. Conclusion: The early cholecystectomy within 72 hours of ABP diagnosis offers significant clinical and economic advantages in children in the Iraqi tertiary public hospital without increasing perioperative complication risk. To scale this approach, it is necessary to have targeted structural reforms in the health system, which is in keeping with Sustainable Development Goal 3.
Optical Performance Study and Metallic Absorption in Nanostructured Plasmonic Systems for Solar Unit Cell Design
This paper discusses metallic nanoplasmonic phenomena regarding the investigation of electron oscillations in metallic nanostructures, known as surface plasmons. Surface plasmons exhibit extraordinary optical properties. Plasmons are primarily found in metals, where electrons are weakly bound to atoms and are delocalized. Electrons in a metal can undergo collective oscillations, being pulled back by the attraction of the positive metal ions from which they originated.
Clinical Profile and Surgical Outcomes of Neonates with Intestinal Obstruction: A Five-Year Retrospective Study at Al-Karami Teaching Hospital, Kut, Iraq
Background: Neonatal intestinal obstruction (NIO) is one of the most severe emergencies of neonatal surgery. Early diagnosis and timely operative procedure is necessary to avoid life-threatening complications, such as bowel ischemia, perforation, and sepsis. Methods: It was a retrospective observational study that examined all neonate surgical cases (age ≤28 days) with confirmed mechanical intestinal obstruction of Al-Karami Teaching hospital, Al-Kut, Iraq, between January 2019 and December 2023. Demographics, ante-natal history, clinical presentation, radiographic studies, operative information, histopathologic diagnosis, post-operative complications and 30 days in-hospital mortality were analyzed in a systematic manner. Results A total of 87 neonates were recruited (male 59.8%, preterm 24.1%). Jejunoileal atresia (34.5%), malrotation with volvulus (21.8%), and Hirschsprung’s disease (16.1%) were the most common etiologies. Obstructive anomalies were detected in 32.2% of cases by antenatal ultrasonography. Bilious vomiting (87.4%), abdominal distension (70.1%), and inability to pass meconium within 48 hours (56.3%) were the most common presenting features. Definitive surgical correction was done in all patients. The incidence of postoperative complications was 25.3% with wound infection (9.2%), sepsis (6.9%), and anastomotic leakage (5.7%) being the most common. The overall in-hospital mortality stood at 6.9%, with cases of malrotation/volvulus or obstruction caused by NEC occurring after 72 hours. Mean hospital stay was 12.4 ± 6.2 days. Conclusions: NIO continues to be an important contributor to neonatal morbidity and mortality in resource-restrained environments. In this institutional series morbidity and mortality rates are favorable to regional standards. Key interventions to improve outcomes include enhanced antenatal screening, early clinical recognition, and coordinated perioperative multidisciplinary care.
Investigating the Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency and Its Effects on Female Fertility in Albyda City, Libya
Research suggests a strong connection between a woman's vitamin D level and her reproductive health, including infertility and hormonal imbalance. This research aimed to assess how common vitamin D deficiency is among women and to offer a detailed analysis of the relationship between vitamin D status and infertility in females. Furthermore, it was aimed to examine the correlation between serum vitamin D, reproductive hormones (LH, FSH and prolactin) and BMI in 380 women of reproductive age (18-45). The study included 260 women in an infertility group and 120 healthy women as a control group. Serum 25(OH)D levels, body mass index (BMI), and hormonal parameters were evaluated. Most participants (60%) were found to have vitamin D deficiency, defined as levels below 20 ng/mL. This deficiency occurred significantly more often in infertile women (p = 0.001). In addition, a statistically significant relationship was observed between low vitamin D levels and obesity (p < 0.05). Spearman’s analysis indicated a weak negative correlation between vitamin D status and the study groups (rs = −0.177, p = 0.001). However, no significant associations were detected between vitamin D and other measured variables across the entire sample. A possible link between vitamin D and FSH was identified only among obese participants (p = 0.013). Overall, the results highlight that vitamin D deficiency is widespread in women of reproductive age and may be associated with infertility and hormonal disturbances, particularly in those who are obese.
Physicochemical and Sensory Evaluation of Selected Types of Pasteurized Cow's Milk in Sirte, Libya
This study was conducted at the Animal Production Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sirte, from March to July 2025. The research aimed to evaluate and compare the quality of different types of pasteurized cow's milk available in the local market of Sirte by analyzing various physicochemical and sensory parameters. Samples from three different types of pasteurized milk were collected and analyzed at the Al-Qardabiyah Dairy Production Project laboratory to assess quality consistency. The results revealed significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) in several components, including non-fat solids, protein, lactose, and salts, while density and temperature showed no significant variations. Specifically, the third sample recorded the highest percentages of non-fat solids (10.43%), protein (3.82%), and lactose (5.76%), whereas the first sample showed the highest fat content at 3.87%. Density values across all samples (1.03–1.04) indicated minimal water dilution, confirming the purity of local products in the study area. The study concludes that there is a noticeable variation in milk quality among different producers, likely reflecting differences in raw milk sources or processing conditions. The researchers recommend strict control of pasteurization temperatures and times, the establishment of internal quality monitoring laboratories, and the enhancement of veterinary healthcare for cattle to ensure the safety and nutritional value of the final product.