Phytochemical Screening and Determination of Antibacterial Activity for Salvia rosmarinus Plant

Abstract

This study aimed to identify the phytochemical constituents and evaluate the antibacterial activity of rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus). Three types of extracts—aqueous, alcoholic, and ethyl acetate—were prepared from the plant's leaves. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of carbohydrates, coumarins, glycosides, phenols, sterols, and saponins in the extracts, while alkaloids, flavonoids, amino acids, proteins, and tannins were not detected. The antibacterial efficacy was tested against four bacterial isolates: Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) and E. coli, Proteus mirabilis, and Salmonella typhimurium (Gram-negative). The results demonstrated that the aqueous extract exhibited the highest antibacterial activity compared to the other extracts, showing significant inhibition zones against the tested bacteria. This study underscores the potential of Salvia rosmarinus as a natural source for developing antimicrobial agents to combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria.