The Effect of Replacing Fishmeal with Moringa oleifera Leaf Meal on Growth Performance and Feed Conversion Efficiency in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Abdelsalam M. O. Filogh

doi:10.65420/sjphrt.v2i4.192

المؤلفون

عبدالسلام ميلاد فيلوغ قسم الإنتاج النباتي، كلية الزراعة، جامعة بنغازي، بنغازي، ليبيا المؤلف

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.65420/sjphrt.v2i4.192

الكلمات المفتاحية:

مورينجا أوليفيرا، استبدال مسحوق السمك، البروتين البديل، أعلاف الأسماك، أداء النمو، معامل تحويل العلف، البلطي النيلي

الملخص

يُعد البحث عن بدائل بروتينية مستدامة ونباتية لمسحوق السمك في الأعلاف السمكية أمراً بالغ الأهمية للاستدامة طويلة الأجل لتربية الأحياء المائية. تقيم هذه الدراسة استبدال مسحوق السمك جزئياً وكلياً بمسحوق أوراق المورينجا (MOLM) وتأثيرات ذلك على أداء النمو، واستخدام الأعلاف، والكفاءة الاقتصادية لأسماك البلطي النيلي (Oreochromis niloticus). خلال تجربة تغذية استمرت 56 يوماً، تم توزيع 225 سمكة من أصبعيات البلطي النيلي عشوائياً على خمس مجموعات غذائية تجريبية، حيث جرى استبدال مسحوق السمك بمسحوق أوراق المورينجا بنسب 0% (المجموعة الضابطة)، 25%، 50%، 75%، و100%. أظهرت النتائج عدم وجود فروق معنوية (p > 0.05) في الوزن النهائي، والزيادة الوزنية، ومعدل النمو النوعي، أو معامل تحويل العلف بين مجموعة الشاهد والمجموعات التي تغذت على مستوى استبدال بلغ 50%. بالمقابل، أدت مستويات الاستبدال الأعلى (75% و100%) إلى إحداث تراجع معنوي (p < 0.05) في مقاييس النمو وكفاءة استخدام الأعلاف. وقد تم تحديد الحد الأمثل للإضافة بنسبة 15% من مسحوق أوراق المورينجا في العلف (ما يعادل استبدال 50% من مسحوق السمك)، وهو ما حافظ على الأداء الحيوي المقارن مع نقض تكاليف الأعلاف بنسبة 18%. يُستنتج من هذه الدراسة أن مسحوق أوراق المورينجا يمثل مصدراً بروتينياً بديلس مجدياً وعالي الكفاءة الاقتصادية قادراً على استبدال ما يصل إلى 50% من مسحوق السمك الغذائي في علائق البلطي النيلي دون المساس بالإنتاجية.

المراجع

[1] Abdalla, M. O., Alhadad, A. A., & Basheer, A. M. (2026). Effect of Pistacia atlantica Oil on Growth Performance, Digestive and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities, and Immune Responses in Oreochromis niloticus. Bani Waleed University Journal of Humanities and Applied Sciences, 11(5), 156-175.‏ DOI: https://doi.org/10.58916/jhas.v11i5.1291

[2] Al-Kahtani, A. M. A. (2017). Effect of Moringa oleifera leaves meal on growth performance and blood chemistry of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings. Journal of Aquaculture Research & Development, 8(2).

[3] Amhamed, I. D., Ali, G. A. M., & Salem, M. O. A. (2023). Use of plant essential oils in fish aquaculture as growth promoters: A review. Al-Namaa Journal of Science and Technology, 1(4), 222-237.

[4] Anwar, F., Latif, S., Ashraf, M., & Gilani, A. H. (2007). Moringa oleifera: A food plant with multiple medicinal uses. Phytotherapy Research, 21(1), 17–25.

[5] Bilen, S., Altief, T. A. S., Özdemir, K. Y., Salem, M. O. A., Terzi, E., & Güney, K. (2019). Effect of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) extract on growth performance, digestive and antioxidant enzyme activities, and immune responses in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 1-11.

[6] Bilen, S., Filogh, A. M., Ali, A. B., Kenanoğlu, O. N., & Zoral, M. A. (2020). Effect of common mallow (Malva sylvestris) dietary supplementation on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, haemotological and immune responses of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Aquaculture International, 28(1), 73-84.‏

[7] Fasuyi, O. O. (2006). Nutritional potential of Moringa oleifera leaf meal in broiler production. International Journal of Poultry Science, 5(4), 317–322.

[8] Filogh, A. M. (2019). Şahtere Otunun Gökkuşaği Alabaliğinin (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Büyüme Performansi, Kan Parametreleri, Immün Sistem Ve Antioksidan Enzimleri Üzerine Etkisi (Doctoral Dissertation, Kastamonu Üniversitesi).‏

[9] Gaylord, T. G., & Gatlin, D. M. (2001). Dietary protein and energy modifications to maximize compensatory growth of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Aquaculture, 194(3–4), 337–348.

[10] Gopalakrishnan, S. S. (2014). Efficacy of Moringa oleifera leaf paste as a hand-washing product: A crossover controlled study among healthy volunteers. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 14(1).

[11] Hardy, R. W. (2010). Utilization of plant proteins in fish diets: effects of global demand and supplies of fishmeal. Aquaculture Research, 41(5), 770–776.

[12] Hasan, M. R., & Macintosh, R. (2017). Review of the use of plant proteins in aquaculture feed. In Aquaculture and the Environment (pp. 45–62). European Aquaculture Society.

[13] Lakwani, M. A. S., & Salem, M. O. A. (2024). Effects of using olive tree (Olea europaea L.) derivatives as feed additives on growth efficiency, immunological response, and oxidative status in finfish: A Review. Afro-Asian Journal of Scientific Research (AAJSR), 204-216.

[14] Makkar, H. E., & Becker, K. (1996). Nutritional value and antinutritional components of whole and ethanol extracted Moringa oleifera leaves. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 63(1–4), 211–228.

[15] Mohamed Omar Abdalla Salema. (2026). Physiological and Immunological Responses of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Fed Diets Enriched with Vitex agnus-castus Extract. Scientific Journal for Publishing in Health Research and Technology, 2(1), 354-363. https://doi.org/10.65420/sjphrt.v2i1.97

[16] Mohammed Mosbah Omran Muftah, Nisrin Mohammed BenOsman, & Mohamed Omar Abdalla Salem. (2026). Evaluation of the Inhibitory Activity of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Tilia cordata Against Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections. Al-Imad Journal of Humanities and Applied Sciences (AJHAS), 2(1), 1069-1082. https://doi.org/10.64943/ajhas.2026.020175

[17] Nair, K. P. P. (2010). The agronomy and economy of important tree crops of the developing world. Elsevier.

[18] Olugbemi, A. O. A. (2012). Effect of Moringa oleifera leaf meal as a substitute for soybean meal in the diet of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 7(2), 122–130.

[19] Premaratne, H. K. D. S. (2017). Moringa oleifera leaf meal as a fishmeal substitute in Cirrhinus mrigala fingerling diet. Sri Lanka Journal of Aquatic Sciences, 22(1), 27–38.

[20] Rabiaa Abuazoum Ali Khalil1, Ilyas Amer Said Salem, & Mohamed Omar Abdalla Salem. (2025). A Biochemical Study on the Effect of Alcoholic and Aqueous Extracts of Plantago ovata Leaves in Inhibiting the Growth of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria. Al-Imad Journal of Humanities and Applied Sciences (AJHAS), 1(2), 38-46. https://al-imadjournal.ly/index.php/ajhas/article/view/12

[21] Rahman, M. M. (2006). Use of Moringa oleifera seed as a natural coagulant for water purification. Journal of Biological Sciences, 6(4), 434–437.

[22] Salem MOA, Lakwani MAS. Immunomodulatory effects of dietary chaste tree (Vitex agnus-castus L.) extract in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Open Vet J. 2025 Dec;15(12):6851-6855. doi: https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i12.65

[23] Salem, M. O. A. (2017). Karahindiba (Taraxacum officinalis) ve sakal yosunu (Usnea barbata) içeren yemlerle beslenen gökkuşağı alabalığı yavrularında (Oncorhynchus mykiss) antioksidan enzim aktivitelerinin belirlenmesi. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.

[24] Salem, M. O. A. (2022). Akhardal (sinapis alba) ve keten tohumu (linum usitatissimum) yağlarının gökkuşağı alabalıklarının (oncorhynchus mykiss) büyüme performansı, bağışıklık yanıtı, kan parametreleri, sindirim enzimleri ve antioksidan enzim aktivitelerine etkileri. Kastamonu Üniversitesi.

[25] Salem, M. O. A. (2023). Effects of Plant Essential Oil Used as Feed Supplements in Aquaculture on Immune Response, and Antioxidant Status of Finfish: A Review. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering Technology, 9(1), 12-40.

[26] Salem, M. O. A. (2025). The Impact of Dietary Supplementation with Panax ginseng on Oxidative Stress Indicators and Disease Resistance in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Reared under High Stocking Density Conditions. Libyan Journal of Veterinary and Medical Sciences, 6(2), 36-41.

[27] Salem, M. O. A. (2026). Alleviation of Crowding Stress in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Through Dietary Sinapisalba Oil: A Focus on Immune and Antioxidant Responses. Veterinary Journal of Kastamonu University, 5(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.61262/vetjku.1806607

[28] Salem, M. O. A. (2026). Mechanisms of Action of Plant Extracts as Alternatives to Antibiotics in Aquaculture: A Comprehensive Review of Recent Studies. Al-Imad Journal of Humanities and Applied Sciences (AJHAS), 2(1), 310-334.

[29] Salem, M. O. A. (2026). Physiological and Immunological Responses of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Fed Diets Enriched with Vitex agnus-castus Extract. Scientific Journal for Publishing in Health Research and Technology, 2(1), 354-363.

[30] Salem, M. O. A. (2026). The Impact of Plant-Derived Compounds on Bacteria in Fish Farms: A Review. Bani Waleed University Journal of Humanities and Applied Sciences, 11(2), 1-10.‏ https://doi.org/10.58916/jhas.v11i2.1120

[31] Salem, M. O. A., & Barkah, A. D. A. (2025). The Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Chaste tree (Vitex agnus-castus L.) Seed Extract on the Haematological Indices of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). African Journal of Advanced Pure and Applied Sciences (AJAPAS), 4(2), 389–393.

[32] Salem, M. O. A., & Lakwani, M. A. S. (2025). Immunomodulatory effects of dietary chaste tree (Vitex agnus-castus L.) extract in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Open Veterinary Journal, 15(12), 6851-6855.

[33] Salem, M. O. A., & Moammer, E. M. E. (2024). Potential benefits of Aloe vera derivative in aquaculture. Bani Waleed University Journal of Humanities and Applied Sciences, 379-389.

[34] Salem, M. O. A., & Mohamed, N. M. (2025). Investigating the Effects of Aqueous-Methanol Extract from Chaste Tree (Vitex agnus-castus L.) on Growth Enhancement and Digestive Enzyme Activity in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Libyan Journal of Contemporary Academic Studies, 3(1), 21-27.

[35] Salem, M. O. A., & Osman, N. M. B. (2025). Use of Nanoparticles from Plant Derivatives and Their Potential Usage in Aquaculture. 6th International Congress on Engineering and Life Science, 65-74.

[36] Salem, M. O. A., Salem, T. A., Yürüten Özdemir, K., Sönmez, A. Y., Bilen, S., & Güney, K. (2021). Antioxidant enzyme activities and immune responses in rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) juveniles fed diets supplemented with dandelion (Taraxacum officinalis) and lichen (Usnea barbata) extracts. Fish physiology and biochemistry, 47(4), 1053-1062.‏

[37] Salem, M. O. A., Taştan, Y., Bilen, S., Terzi, E., & Sönmez, A. Y. (2022). Effects of white mustard (Sinapis alba) oil on growth performance, immune response, blood parameters, digestive and antioxidant enzyme activities in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish & shellfish immunology, 131, 283-299.‏

[38] Salem, M. O. A., Taştan, Y., Bilen, S., Terzi, E., & Sönmez, A. Y. (2023). Dietary flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) oil supplementation affects growth, oxidative stress, immune response, and diseases resistance in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 138, 108798.‏

[39] Taştan, Y., & Salem, M. O. A. (2021). Use of Phytochemicals as Feed Supplements in Aquaculture: A Review on Their Effects on Growth, Immune response, and Antioxidant Status of Finfish. Journal of Agricultural Production, 2(1), 32-43.